«Authorship is becoming an increasingly complicated issue as research collaborations proliferate, the importance of citations for tenure and grants persists, and no consensus on a definition is reached. This issue is fraught with ethical implications because clearly conveying who is responsible for published work is integral to scientific integrity.» CRediT author statement (Elsevier)

Definiciones

Autoría

◘ Committee of Publication Ethics (COPE)

“The term authorship can refer to the creator or originator of an idea (eg, the author of the theory of relativity) or the individual or individuals who develop and bring to fruition the product that disseminates intellectual or creative works (eg, the author of a poem or a scholarly article). Authorship conveys significant privileges, responsibilities, and legal rights; in the scholarly arena, it also forms the basis for rewards and career advancement. Various disciplines have norms, guidelines, and rules governing authorship; some of those rules preserve the lineage of ideas or works, assign credit for the conception, implementation and analysis of studies or experiments to validate theory or explain hypotheses, and the actual writing of work to disseminate knowledge. Authors are accountable for following discipline-specific guidelines when they engage in authorship activities; journal editors and publishers are accountable for making author guidelines transparent and appropriate for the medium and genre (scholarly books, journal articles, creative writing). At a minimum, authors should guarantee that they have participated in creating the work as presented and that they have not violated any other author’s legal rights (eg, copyright) in the process.”

◘ American Psychological Association (APA)

“Authorship credit should reflect the individual’s contribution to the study. An author is considered anyone involved with initial research design, data collection and analysis, manuscript drafting, and final approval…The primary author assumes responsibility for the publication, making sure that the data are accurate, that all deserving authors have been credited, that all authors have given their approval to the final draft; and handles responses to inquiries after the manuscript is published.”

Autor y coautor(es)
Autoría no merecida y autoría coercitiva
Participación que no requiere autoría

Colaboración

◘ Resources for Research Ethics Education

“The nature of collaborations is variable, but responsible collaborations are always defined by openness and early, on-going communication. Science is a communal enterprise; both science and society are best served by collegiality and open collaboration. There should be a mutual understanding of what is to be exchanged through the collaboration, how the research will be undertaken, and how the products of the collaboration will be shared.. Collaboration is most likely to succeed if expectations are clearly communicated (and perhaps documented) before commitments are made.» UCSD

¿Cómo establecer responsabilidades y aportes?

◘ COPE Authorship and contributorship

Los organismos responsables de los temas de ética de la investigación proponen una serie de documentos para establecer las responsabilidades y los aportes de los investigadores (en casos de multi autoría) en una investigación. Dichos documentos son de gran utilidad y facilitan evitar práctica de autoría no merecida, coercitiva o cualquier otro comportamiento no ético relacionado con la atribución de la autoría y el orden de los autores en una publicación.

◘ APA Determining and negotiating authorship

◘ APA Contract Regarding Publication Intent

◘ APA Authorship Determination Scorecard

◘ APA Authorship Tie-breaker Scorecard